DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER & INDUSTRY SERVICES       

                         RADIATION SAFETY SECTION  

(By authority conferred on the  department   of   public   health   by   
section 13521 of Act No. 368 of the Public Acts of 1978, as  amended,   and   
section 48 of  Act  No. 306  of  the  Public  Acts  of  1969,  as  amended,   
being SS333.13521 and 24.248 of the Michigan Compiled Laws)


     PART 6.  INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS AND INSTALLATIONS


R 325.5281.  Purpose and scope.
  Rule 281. (1) This  part  establishes  radiation  safety  requirements  for 
persons utilizing sources of  radiation  for  industrial  radiography  and  a 
classification system for industrial radiographic installations and use.
  (2) This part applies to all licensees and registrants who use  sources  of 
radiation for industrial radiography; however, nothing in this  part  applies 
to the use of sources of radiation in the healing arts.
  (3) Requirements of this part which refer to radiographic exposure  devices 
or sealed sources apply to the use of radioactive material.
Requirements which refer  to  sources  of  radiation  apply  to  the  use  of 
radiation machines and radioactive material.
  (4) In addition to  the  requirements  of  this  part,  all  licensees  and 
registrants are subject to the applicable provisions of the other parts.

  [Note: The requirements of this rule  that  pertain  to  radiation  machine 
registration, licensing, or compliance are under the purview of the  Michigan 
Department of Consumer & Industry Services.]

   History:  1979 AC.


R 325.5282.  Definitions.
  Rule 282.  As used in this part:
  (a) "Industrial radiography"  means  the  examination  of  the  macroscopic 
structure  of  materials  by  nondestructive  methods  utilizing  sources  of 
radiation.
  (b) "Installation" means a location, having  boundaries  specified  by  the 
licensee or registrant, where for a period of more than 30  days  1  or  more 
sources of radiation are used, operated or stored.  A part of a building,  an 
entire building, a plant or plant site may be designated as an installation.
  (c) "Radiographer" means an individual who performs or who,  in  attendance 
at the site where sources of radiation are being used, personally  supervises 
industrial radiographic operations and who is responsible to the licensee  or 
registrant for assuring compliance with the requirements of these  rules  and 
all license or registration conditions.
  (d) "Radiographer's assistant" means an individual who, under the  personal 
supervision of a radiographer, uses sources of  radiation,  related  handling 
tools, or survey instruments in industrial radiography.
  (e) "Radiographic exposure device" means an instrument containing a  sealed 
source fastened or contained therein, in which the sealed source or shielding 
thereof may be moved, or otherwise changed, from  a  shielded  to  unshielded 
position for purposes of making a radiographic exposure.
  (f) "Storage  container"  means  a  device  in  which  sealed  sources  are 
transported or stored.

  [Note: The requirements of this rule  that  pertain  to  radiation  machine 
registration, licensing, or compliance are under the purview of the  Michigan 
Department of Consumer & Industry Services.]

   History:  1979 AC.


    EQUIPMENT CONTROL


R 325.5286.  Locking of sources of radiation.
  Rule 286.  (1) Each source of radiation shall be provided with  a  lock  or 
outer-locked  container  designed  to  prevent  unauthorized  or   accidental 
production of radiation or removal or exposure of a sealed source  and  shall 
be kept locked except when under the direct surveillance of a radiographer or 
radiographer's assistant, or as may be otherwise authorized by the department.
  (2) Each storage container shall be provided with a lock  and  kept  locked 
when containing sealed sources except when under the direct surveillance of a 
radiographer or a radiographer's assistant.
  (3) Locked sources of radiation and storage containers shall be  physically 
secured to prevent tampering or removal by unauthorized personnel.

  [Note: The requirements of this rule  that  pertain  to  radiation  machine 
registration, licensing, or compliance are under the purview of the  Michigan 
Department of Consumer & Industry Services.]

   History:  1979 AC.


R 325.5287. Radiation survey instruments.
  Rule 287.  (1)  A licensee or  registrant  shall  maintain  calibrated  and 
operable radiation survey instruments to make physical radiation  surveys  as 
required by this part and part 5.  Each radiation survey instrument shall  be 
calibrated at intervals not to exceed 3  months  and  after  each  instrument 
servicing.  A record of such calibration shall be maintained for  examination 
by the department.
  (2) Instrumentation required by this rule shall have a range  such  that  2 
milliroentgens per hour through 1 roentgen per hour can be measured and shall 
be capable of measuring radiation of the energies and at the dose rates to be 
encountered.
  (3) During repair or calibration of survey  instruments  required  by  this 
rule,  spare  operable  and  calibrated  instruments  shall  be  provided  or 
radiographic operations shall be terminated pursuant to rule 307(1).

   History:  1979 AC.


R 325.5289.  Quarterly inventories.
  Rule 289.  A licensee or registrant  shall  conduct  a  quarterly  physical 
inventory to account for all sources of radiation received  or  possessed  by 
him.  The records of the inventories shall be maintained  for  inspection  by 
the department and shall include the  quantities  and  kinds  of  radioactive 
material, the  location  of  all  sources  of  radiation,  the  date  of  the 
inventory, and the signature or initials of  the  individual  certifying  the 
accuracy of the inventory.

  [Note: The requirements of this rule  that  pertain  to  radiation  machine 
registration, licensing, or compliance are under the purview of the  Michigan 
Department of Consumer & Industry Services.]

   History:  1979 AC.


R 325.5290. Utilization logs.
  Rule 290.  A licensee or registrant shall maintain for  inspection  by  the 
department current logs, which show the following information for each source 
of radiation:
  (a) A description, or make and model number, of each source of radiation or 
storage container in which the sealed source is located.
  (b) The identity of the radiographer to whom assigned.
  (c) Locations where used and dates of use.
  (d) Signature or initials of the individual certifying each entry.

  [Note: The requirements of this rule  that  pertain  to  radiation  machine 
registration, licensing, or compliance are under the purview of the  Michigan 
Department of Consumer & Industry Services.]

   History:  1979 AC.


R 325.5291.  Inspection and maintenance.
  Rule 291.  (1)  A licensee  or  registrant  shall  conduct  a  program  for 
inspection and maintenance of sources of radiation and storage containers  to 
assure proper functioning of components important to safety.
  (2) A current  checklist  of  inspection  and  maintenance  of  sources  of 
radiation and storage containers indicating the date of the  last  inspection 
shall be maintained for inspection by the department.

   History:  1979 AC.


    CLASSIFICATION


R 325.5293.  Class enumeration.
  Rule 293.  (1) For the purpose of licensing or  registering  and  approving 
industrial radiographic installations they shall be classified as  class  AA, 
class A, class B or class C.
  (2) For the purpose of licensing or registering  and  approving  industrial 
radiography and sources of radiation intended for limited  use  at  temporary 
job site locations this use shall be classified as class D operation.

   History:  1979 AC.


R 325.5294.  Class AA installations.
  Rule 294.  (1)  In class AA  installations  the  source  of  radiation  and 
objects exposed thereto shall be contained within a permanent enclosure.
  (2) The enclosure shall be constructed such  that  the  radiation  exposure 
rate as measured in air at a distance of 5 centimeters from any point on  the 
external surface shall not exceed 2 milliroentgens per hour with  the  source 
of radiation placed in the shortest  source-to-wall  radiographically  usable 
position under conditions of maximum radiation output permitted by the design 
or operating characteristics of the radiographic exposure device or radiation 
machine.
  (3) Mechanical or electrical limiters shall limit movement or alignment  of 
the source of radiation within the enclosure  if  necessary  to  comply  with 
subrule (2).
  (4) A personnel  barrier  posted  in  accordance  with  rules  224  to  231 
restricting access to the roof of the enclosure shall meet the requirement of 
subrule (2).
  (5) Reliable interlocks shall be provided which will  prevent  anyone  from 
opening the enclosure while the radiation machine is on or the sealed  source 
is unshielded, or which will terminate  machine  operation  or  automatically 
return the sealed source to  a  shielded  position  should  anyone  open  the 
enclosure.
  (6) Enclosures of sufficient  size  to  permit  human  occupancy  shall  be 
provided with visible or audible signals or both within the  enclosure  which 
are activated a minimum of 5 seconds before radiation machine  activation  or 
exposure of the sealed source.  Persons shall at all times be able to  escape 
from within the enclosure.
  (7) A person shall not be permitted to remain within  the  enclosure  while 
the radiation machine is in operation or the sealed source is unshielded.
  (8) Protective enclosures and equipment shall be kept in good repair.
  (9) Industrial fluoroscopy shall meet class AA requirements.
  (10) Notwithstanding the provisions  of  subrule  (2),  the  enclosure  for 
industrial fluoroscopy shall be constructed such that the radiation  exposure 
rate as measured in air at a distance of 5 centimeters  from  any  accessible 
point on the external surface shall not exceed 0.5  milliroentgens  per  hour 
under conditions of maximum radiation  output  permitted  by  the  design  or 
operating characteristics of the installation.
  (11) Industrial cabinet radiography conducted in enclosures of insufficient 
size to permit human occupancy shall meet class AA requirements.
  (12) Notwithstanding the provisions  of  subrule  (2),  the  enclosure  for 
industrial cabinet radiography of insufficient size to permit human occupancy 
shall be constructed such that the radiation exposure rate as measured in air 
at a distance of 5 centimeters from any  accessible  point  on  the  external 
surface shall not exceed 0.5 milliroentgens  per  hour  under  conditions  of 
maximum radiation output permitted by the design or operating characteristics 
of the installation.
  (13) Class AA approval permits unlimited use at maximum capacity.

  [Note: The requirements of this rule  that  pertain  to  radiation  machine 
registration, licensing, or compliance are under the purview of the  Michigan 
Department of Consumer & Industry Services.]

   History:  1979 AC.


R 325.5296.  Class A installations.
  Rule 296.  (1) Class A installations shall comply with all requirements  of 
rule 294 except for a permissible exposure rate of 7 milliroentgens per  hour 
at any accessible external point.
  (2) A personnel monitoring  device  such  as  a  film  badge  dosimeter  or 
thermoluminescent  dosimeter,  shall  be   permanently   assigned   to   each 
occupationally exposed  individual.   This  monitoring  shall  be  continuous 
during employment as a radiation worker.
  (3) Personnel exposure records shall be kept on permanent available file at 
the facility where the exposure occurs for inspection by the department.
  (4) Class A approval permits unlimited use at maximum capacity.

   History:  1979 AC.


R 325.5297.  Class B installations.
  Rule 297.  (1)  Class B installations shall comply with all requirements of 
rule 296.
  (2) Radiation machine current and potential controls shall be  mechanically 
or electrically limited so as not to exceed the normal  operating  conditions 
as specified by the registrant at the time of application for registration.
  (3)  Class  B  approval  permits  unlimited  use  under  normal   operating 
conditions as specified by subrule (2).

   History:  1979 AC.


R 325.5298.  Class C installations.
  Rule 298.  (1)  Class C installations shall comply with all requirements of 
rule 296 except for a permissible exposure rate of 50 milliroentgens per hour 
at any accessible external point.
  (2) The maximum weekly exposure time of sources  of  radiation  within  the 
enclosure shall  be  established  by  the  department  under  the  conditions 
specified by the licensee or registrant at the time of application.
  (3) Warning signs shall be posted in those areas outside the  enclosure  in 
which the radiation exposure rate in air at  any  accessible  external  point 
exceeds 2 milliroentgens per hour with the source of radiation placed in  the 
shortest source-to-wall radiographically usable position under conditions  of 
maximum radiation  output  permitted  by  the  design  or  limited  operating 
characteristics of the radiographic exposure device or radiation machine.

   History:  1979 AC.


R 325.5299.  Class D operations.
  Rule 299.  (1)   Industrial  radiography  conducted  under  conditions  not 
meeting the provisions  and  requirements  of  rules  294  to  298  shall  be 
classified as class D operations and shall not be  operated  longer  than  30 
days unless written authorization is granted by the department.
  (2) Written authorization may be granted by  the  department  for  class  D 
operations longer than 30 days but not longer than 6 months when an undue and 
unnecessary hardship may result from the 30 day limitation.  Written  request 
by the licensee or registrant for this authorization is  required  and  shall 
describe the hardship involved  as  well  as  provide  written  assurance  of 
compliance with the requirements of these rules for class D operation.
  (3) Notwithstanding subrules (1) and (2)  a  person  routinely  engaged  in 
providing industrial radiography services with mobile or portable sources  of 
radiation at temporary job site locations may conduct such class D operations 
without time limitation subject to the following conditions:
  (a) The person shall hold an unexpired certificate of registration from the 
department or specific license from the department, the NRC or  an  agreement 
state.
  (b) The person shall give written notice  to  the  department  at  least  2 
working days before starting radiographic work at a  job  site.   The  notice 
shall include the radiographer's  name;  a  description  of  each  source  of 
radiation; the nature, duration and scope of use; and the exact  location  of 
each job site.  If for a specific case the 2 working-day period would  impose 
an undue hardship on the person, upon application to the department,  he  may 
arrange for other notification to comply with the intent of this requirement.
  (c)  These  class  D  operations  shall  be  limited   to   locations   and 
circumstances which cannot meet the provisions and requirements of  permanent 
installation classification without undue and unnecessary hardship.
  (d) A copy of written operating and emergency  procedures  shall  be  filed 
with and approved by the department.
  (e) Upon reasonable notice from the department the person shall  submit  to 
the department  or  otherwise  make  available  copies  of  specific  records 
pertaining  to  radiographic  operations  and  personnel   conducting   these 
operations within this state.
  (4) A fence, rope or other suitable barrier shall be erected  along  the  5 
mR/hr  contour  line  during  class  D  radiographic  operations  to  exclude 
unauthorized persons from the radiation area.
  (5) The radiation area and high radiation area shall be posted with caution 
signs as specified in rules 224 to 231.
  (6) A personnel monitoring  device  such  as  a  film  badge  dosimeter  or 
thermoluminescent  dosimeter,  shall  be   permanently   assigned   to   each 
occupationally exposed  individual.   This  monitoring  shall  be  continuous 
during employment as a radiation worker.
  (7) Personnel exposure records shall be kept on  permanent  available  file 
for examination by  the  department.   A  copy  of  the  most  recent  record 
including current, quarterly, annual and lifetime cumulative totals for  each 
monitored individual present at a temporary job site shall  be  available  at 
the job site for examination by the department.  A current supplemental daily 
dosimeter log shall also be available at the job site.
  (8) The inside of the driver's compartment of the transport vehicle used to 
transport class D radiographic exposure devices shall be conspicuously posted 
with  emergency  instructions  including  the  procedure  for  notifying  the 
Michigan Department of  Public  Health,  the  Michigan  Department  of  State 
Police, and other emergency agencies in event of accident  or  fire  and  the 
procedure for minimizing exposure to persons in the event of an accident.
  (9) Written operating and emergency procedures shall be available  at  each 
classD radiographic operation.

  [Note: The requirements of this rule  that  pertain  to  radiation  machine 
registration, licensing, or compliance are under the purview of the  Michigan 
Department of Consumer & Industry Services.]

  [Note: As a result of Executive Orders 1996-1 and  1996-2,  the  authority, 
powers, duties, functions, and  responsibilities  of  the  radiation  machine 
registration, licensing, and  compliance  program  were  transferred  to  the 
Michigan Department of Consumer & Industry Services.  With respect to machine 
sources of ionizing radiation, any reference in these rules to  the  Michigan 
Department of Public Health should now reference the Michigan  Department  of 
Consumer & Industry Services.]

   History:  1979 AC.


   SAFETY FOR RADIOGRAPHERS AND  RADIOGRAPHERS' ASSISTANTS


R 325.5301.  Limitations.
  Rule 301.  (1)  A licensee or registrant shall not permit an individual  to 
act as a radiographer until the individual:
  (a) Has been instructed in the  subjects  outlined  in  rule  309  and  has 
demonstrated understanding thereof.
  (b) Has received copies of and instruction in the rules contained  in  this 
part  and  the  applicable  sections  of  part  5,  license  or  registration 
conditions  and  the  licensee's  or  registrant's  operating  and  emergency 
procedures, and has demonstrated understanding thereof.
  (c) Has demonstrated competence to use the  source  of  radiation,  related 
handling tools,  and  survey  instruments  which  will  be  employed  in  his 
assignment.
  (2) A licensee or registrant shall not permit an individual  to  act  as  a 
radiographer's assistant until the individual:
  (a)  Has  received  copies  of  and  instruction  in  the   licensee's   or 
registrant's  operating  and  emergency  procedures,  and  has   demonstrated 
understanding thereof.
  (b) Has demonstrated competence to use under the  personal  supervision  of 
the radiographer  the  sources  of  radiation,  related  handling  tools  and 
radiation survey instruments which will be employed in his assignment.

   History:  1979 AC.


R 325.5302.  Operating and emergency procedures.
  Rule 302.  A licensee's or registrant's  written  operating  and  emergency 
procedures shall include instructions in at least the following:
  (a) The handling and use of sources or radiation to be employed  such  that 
an individual is not likely to be exposed to radiation doses in excess of the 
limits established in part 5.
  (b) Methods and occasions for conducting radiation surveys.
  (c) Methods for controlling access to radiographic areas.
  (d) Methods and occasions for locking and securing sources of radiation.
  (e) Personnel monitoring and the use of personnel monitoring equipment.
  (f) Transportation to field locations,  including  packing  of  sources  of 
radiation in the vehicles, posting of  vehicles,and  control  of  sources  of 
radiation during transportation.
  (g) Minimizing exposure of persons in the event of an accident.
  (h) Procedure for notifying proper persons in the event of an accident.
  (i) Maintenance of records.
  (j)  Inspection  and  maintenance  of  sources  of  radiation  and  storage 
containers.

   History:  1979 AC.


R 325.5303.  Personnel monitoring control.
  Rule 303.  (1)  A licensee or registrant shall not permit an individual  to 
act as a radiographer or as a radiographer's assistant unless, at  all  times 
during radiographic operation, the individual wears  a  long-term  monitoring 
device such as a film badge or TLD and a short-term monitoring device such as 
a pocket dosimeter or pocket chamber.  Pocket dosimeters and pocket  chambers 
shall be capable of measuring doses from 0 to at least 200  milliroentgens.   
Each long-term monitoring device shall be assigned to  and  worn  by  only  1 
individual.
  (2) Pocket dosimeters and pocket chambers shall be read and doses  recorded 
daily.  A film badge or similar device shall be immediately  processed  if  a 
pocket chamber or pocket dosimeter  is  discharged  beyond  its  range.   All 
personnel exposure reports and records of pocket dosimeter and pocket chamber 
readings shall be maintained for inspection by the department.

   History:  1979 AC.


  PRECAUTIONARY PROCEDURES INRADIOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS


R 325.5305.  Security.
  Rule 305.  (1) During each  radiographic  operation,  the  radiographer  or 
radiographer's  assistant  shall  maintain  a  direct  surveillance  of   the 
operation to protect against unauthorized entry into a high  radiation  area, 
except where the high radiation area is equipped with interlocks as described 
in rule 294 (5), or where the  high  radiation  area  is  locked  to  protect 
against unauthorized or accidental entry.
  (2) A radiographer or radiographer's assistant shall not perform or  permit 
radiographic  operation  unless  all  persons  present  in  or  entering  the 
resulting  radiation  area  are  wearing  film  badges  or  thermoluminescent 
dosimeters.  Radiographic operation shall  cease  if  an  unmonitored  person 
enters the radiation area and shall not resume until the person is  monitored 
or leaves the area.

   History:  1979 AC.


R 325.5306.  Posting.
  Rule 306.  Notwithstanding any  provision  in  rule  233,  areas  in  which 
radiography is being performed shall be conspicuously posted as  required  by 
rules 224 to 231.

   History:  1979 AC.


R 325.5307.  Radiation surveys and survey records.
  Rule 307.  (1) A radiographic  operation  shall  not  be  conducted  unless 
calibrated and operable radiation survey instrumentation as described in rule 
287 is available and used at each site where radiographic exposures are made.
  (2) A physical radiation survey  shall  be  made  after  each  radiographic 
exposure  utilizing  radiographic  exposure  devices  or  sealed  sources  of 
radioactive material to determine that the sealed source has been returned to 
its shielded condition.
  (3) A physical radiation survey shall be made to determine that each sealed 
source is in its shielded condition before securing the radiographic exposure 
device or storage container as specified in rule 286.  Records shall be  kept 
of these surveys and maintained for inspection by the department.
  (4) A physical radiation survey shall be conducted to  determine  that  the 
radiation machine is off before each entry  into  the  radiographic  exposure 
area.

  [Note: The requirements of this rule  that  pertain  to  radiation  machine 
registration, licensing, or compliance are under the purview of the  Michigan 
Department of Consumer & Industry Services.]

   History:  1979 AC.


R 325.5309.  Appendix A - Instruction of radiographers.
  Rule 309. See rule 301.
  I. Fundamentals  of  Radiation  Safety  A.  Characteristics  of  gamma  and 
x-radiation B. Units of radiation dose (mrem) and quantity  of  radioactivity 
(curie) C. Hazards of excessive radiation exposure  D.  Levels  of  radiation 
from sources of radiation E. Methods of controlling radiation dose 1. Working 
time 2. Working distances 3. Shielding

  II. Radiation Detection Instrumentation to be  Used  A.  Use  of  radiation 
survey instruments 1. Operation  2.  Calibration  3.  Limitations  B.  Survey 
techniques  C.  Use  of  personnel  monitoring  equipment  1.  Film   badges, 
thermoluminescent dosimeters 2. Pocket dosimeters 3. Pocket chambers

  III. Radiographic Equipment to be Used  A.  Remote  handling  equipment  B. 
Radiographic exposure devices and sealed sources  C.  Storage  containers  D. 
Operation and control of x-ray equipment

  IV. The Requirements of Pertinent Federal and State Regulations

  V. The Licensee's or Registrant's Written Operating and Emergency Procedures

  VI. License or Registration Conditions

  [Note: The requirements of this rule  that  pertain  to  radiation  machine 
registration, licensing, or compliance are under the purview of the  Michigan 
Department of Consumer & Industry Services.]

   History:  1979 AC.