DEPARTMENT OF STATE POLICE

                       SPECIAL OPERATIONS DIVISION

           UNIFORM TRAFFIC CODE FOR CITIES, TOWNSHIPS, AND VILLAGES

(By authority conferred on the director of the department of state police  by 
1956 PA 62, MCL 257.951 et seq.)

                   PART 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED


R 28.1001    Rule 1. Words and phrases.
  (1) As used in this code:
  (a) "Act" means the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.1 et seq.
  (b) "Alley" means a minor thoroughfare,  opened  to  public  use,  for  the 
purpose of ingress and egress to service adjacent buildings.
  (c) "Bicycle lane" means a portion of a street or highway that is  adjacent 
to the roadway and that is established for the use of persons riding bicycles.
  (d) "Bicycle path" means a portion  of  a  street  or  highway   that    is 
separated from the roadway by an open, unpaved space  or  by  a  barrier  and
 that  is established for the use of persons riding bicycles.
  (e) "Bus stand" or "bus stop" means a fixed area in the  roadway,  parallel 
and adjacent to the curb, to be occupied exclusively  by  buses  for  layover
 in operating schedules or  by  buses  waiting  for,  loading,  or  unloading 
passengers.
  (f) "Clerk" means the person who keeps  the  records  and   performs    the 
regular business of a governmental unit.
  (g) "Curb loading zone" means a space that is adjacent to a curb  and  that 
is reserved for the exclusive use of vehicles during the loading or unloading 
of passengers or materials.
  (h) "Freight curb loading zone" means a space that is adjacent to  a   curb 
and that is provided for the exclusive use of  vehicles  during  the  loading
 or unloading of freight.
  (i) "Governmental unit" or "municipality"  means  an   incorporated   city, 
an incorporated village,  or a township.
  (j) "Official time standard" means the hours named in this code  are  hours 
of standard time or daylight-saving time, whichever is in current   use    in 
this governmental unit.
  (k) "Parking meter zone" means an area that is adjacent  to    a    parking 
meter and that is set aside for  the  exclusive  use  of  vehicles  upon  the 
deposit of a coin of United States currency  in  the   parking    meter    as 
specified  on  the meter.
  (l) "Passenger curb loading zone" means a place that is adjacent    to    a 
curb and that is reserved for  the  exclusive  use  of  vehicles  during  the 
loading  or unloading of passengers.
  (m) "Stand" or "standing" means the halting of a vehicle, other  than   for 
the purpose  of,   and   while   actually   engaged    in,    receiving    or 
discharging passengers.
  (n) "Stop," when required, means the complete cessation of movement.
  (o)  "Stop"  or  "stopping,"  when  prohibited,   means    the     halting, 
even momentarily, of a vehicle, whether occupied or not.  The  terms  do  not 
apply to the halting of a vehicle that is  necessary  to    avoid    conflict 
with  other traffic or that is in compliance with the directions of a  police 
officer  or traffic-control sign or signal.
  (p) "Taxicab" means  a  licensed  public  motor  vehicle  for   hire   that 
is designated and constructed to seat not more  than  10  persons  and   that 
is operated as a common carrier on call or demand.
  (q) "Taxicab stand" means a fixed area in the roadway that is  set    aside 
for taxicabs to stand or wait for passengers.
  (r) "Tow-away zone" means a zone where parking, stopping, or  standing   is 
not permitted, as indicated  by  proper  signs,  and  where  vehicles  parked
 in violation of the signs are towed away to keep the  roadway   clear    for 
traffic movement.
  (s) "U-turn" means a turn made on a  roadway  or  in  an  intersection   by 
a vehicle for the purpose of reversing its direction of travel.
  (2) If any word or phrase used in this code is not defined in  this   code, 
but is defined in the Act, PA 300, MCL 257.1 to 257.923, then the  definition
 in the act shall apply to the words and phrases used in this code.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1002   Rescinded.

  History: 1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 1997 AACS.


R 28.1003    Rescinded.

  History: 1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 1997 AACS.


R 28.1004    Rescinded.

  History: 1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 1997 AACS.


              PART 2. TRAFFIC ADMINISTRATION AND AUTHORITY


R 28.1101    Rule 101. Police department; traffic duties.
It is the duty of the  chief  of  police  and  the  officers  of  the  police 
department to enforce the street traffic  regulations  of  this  governmental 
unit and all state vehicle laws that are applicable to street traffic in this 
governmental unit, including making arrests for certain  traffic  violations, 
issuing citations for civil infractions, investigating accidents, cooperating 
with the city traffic engineer and other officials of this governmental  unit 
in the administration of the traffic laws and in developing ways and means to 
improve traffic conditions, and carrying out those duties  specially  imposed 
by this code and other traffic ordinances of this governmental unit.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1102    Rule 102. Authority of police directing traffic.
Officers of the police department or those officers that are assigned by  the 
chief of police are hereby authorized to direct all traffic by  voice,  hand, 
or signal in conformance with traffic laws. However, in case  of  a  fire  or 
other emergency or to expedite traffic or safeguard pedestrians, officers  of 
the  police  department   may   direct   traffic   as   conditions   require, 
notwithstanding the provisions of the traffic laws.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1103    Rule 103. Authority of firemen directing traffic.
Officers of the fire department, when at the scene of a fire, may  direct  or 
assist the police in directing traffic at the scene of the  fire  or  in  the 
immediate vicinity.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1104    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1105    Rule 105. Impounding  of   vehicles;    authority;    procedure; 
public sale.
  (1) Notwithstanding section 252d of the act, a police agency  may   provide 
for the immediate removal of a vehicle from public property or   any    other 
place open to travel by the public and impound the vehicle in  any   of   the 
following circumstances:
  (a) When a vehicle is left  unattended  on  a  bridge,  viaduct,  causeway, 
subway, tube, or tunnel where  the  vehicle  constitutes  an  obstruction  to 
traffic.
  (b) When a vehicle is found being driven on the streets  or   highways   in 
an unsafe condition that endangers persons or property.
  (c) When the driver of the vehicle  is  taken   into   custody    by    the 
police department and the vehicle would thereby be  left  unattended  on  the 
street.
  (2) A police agency that authorizes the  removal  of  a    vehicle    under 
subrule
  (1) of this rule shall comply with the requirements of section  252d(2)  to 
(7) of the act.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


  Editor's Note: An obvious error in R 28.1105 was corrected at  the  request 
of the promulgating agency, pursuant to Section 56 of 1969 PA 306, as amended 
by 2000 PA 262, MCL 24.256.  The rule containing the error was  published  in 
Michigan Register, 2002 MR 20.  The memorandum requesting the  correction  was 
published in Michigan Register, 2003 MR 21.


R 28.1105a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1106    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1107    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1108    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1109    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1110    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1110a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1110b   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1110c   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1110d   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1110e   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1110f   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1110g   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1110h   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1110i   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1111    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 1997 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1112    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1113    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1114    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1115    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1116    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1117    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1117a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1117b   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1117c   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1117d   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1118    Rule 118. Records of traffic violations; warrants.
  (1) The chief of police shall maintain, or cause  to  be   maintained,    a 
record of all warrants that are issued on traffic violation    charges    and 
that  are delivered to the police department for service.  The    chief    of 
police  shall also maintain, or cause to  be  maintained,  a  record  of  the 
disposition of  all these warrants.
  (2) This rule shall not apply to municipalities  in  which   the    records 
listed in subrule (1) of this rule are maintained  by  another   agency    or 
district court pursuant to a local agreement.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1119    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1120    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1121    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1122    Rule 122. Traffic accident studies.
If the accidents at any  particular  location  become  numerous,  the  police 
department shall cooperate with the traffic engineer in conducting studies of 
the accidents and shall determine remedial measures.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1123    Rule 123. Drivers' files.
  (1) The police department shall maintain  a  suitable   record    of    all 
traffic accidents, citations, arrests, dispositions, and complaints that  are 
reported for each driver. The reported items shall be   maintained    in    a 
manner  that allows for retrieval by the name of the driver  concerned.   The 
records  shall be maintained for not less than the most recent 5-year period.
  (2) A photocopy or electronic  image   shall   be   maintained    if    the 
original document is sent to another agency or to  a   court,    except    as 
provided  in subrule (3) of this rule.
  (3) A photocopy or electronic image is not required to be  maintained    by 
the police department if the  original  document,  photocopy,  pr  electronic 
image is maintained by another office of the municipality.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1124    Rule 124. Annual traffic safety report.
The police department shall annually prepare a traffic report that  shall  be 
filed with the executive head of this governmental  unit  and  the  ordinance 
making body of this governmental unit. The report shall contain  all  of  the 
following information on traffic matters in this municipality:
  (a) The number of traffic accidents.
  (b) The number of persons killed.
  (c) The number of persons injured.
  (d) The number of traffic accidents investigated.
  (e) The plans and recommendations  of  the  police  department  for  future 
traffic safety activities.
  (f) Other pertinent data on the safety activities of the police.
  (g) Other pertinent traffic accident data.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1125    Rule 125. Traffic engineer.
  (1) The office  of  traffic   engineer   is   hereby    established.    The 
traffic engineer shall be appointed in a manner prescribed by  the  ordinance
 making body and shall exercise the powers and duties  provided    in    this 
code  in  a manner that is consistent with  prevailing  traffic   engineering 
and  safety practices and that is in the best interests of this  governmental 
unit.  If  a traffic engineer is not appointed, then the authority   of   the 
engineer  shall be vested in the chief of police.
  (2)  The  traffic  engineer  shall  be  responsible    for    any    duties 
specifically delegated to the  local   authority   by   the    Act,    unless 
another  office  is specifically designated by the Act or by this code or  is 
by  its  nature  the more appropriate office.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1126    Rule 126. Duties of traffic engineer.
  (1)The general duties of the traffic engineer are as follows:
  (a) To  plan  and  determine  the  installation  and  proper   timing   and 
maintenance of traffic-control devices.
  (b) To conduct engineering  analysis  of   traffic   accidents    and    to 
devise remedial measures.
  (c) To conduct engineering investigations of traffic conditions.
  (d) To  plan  the  operation  of  traffic  on   the   streets    of    this 
governmental unit, including parking areas.
  (e) To cooperate with other  officials  of  this  governmental   unit    in 
the development of ways and means to improve traffic conditions.
  (f) To carry out the additional powers and duties  imposed  by   the    act 
and ordinances of this governmental unit.
  (g) To otherwise regulate the movement and parking  of   vehicles    within 
the municipality consistent with the act.
  (2) All duties carried  out  by  the  traffic  engineer   shall    be    in 
accordance with standard and accepted engineering practices  as   found    in 
the  Traffic  Engineering  Handbook,  Fifth  Edition,  which  is  adopted  by 
reference  in  these rules.  The Handbook may be reviewed at the East Lansing 
Headquarters of  the Michigan  State  Police,  Special  Operations  Division, 
Traffic Services Section.
The  Handbook  may  be  purchased  from  the  Institute  of    Transportation 
Engineers, 1099 14TH Street, N.W., Suite 300 West, Washington, DC 20005-3438, 
or from the Michigan Department of State Police, Special Operations Division, 
Traffic Services Section, 714 South Harrison Road, East Lansing, MI 48823, at 
a cost as of the time of adoption of these rules of $110.00 each.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1127    Rule 127. Emergency regulations.
The chief of police  is  hereby  empowered  to  make  and  enforce  temporary 
regulations to cover emergencies or special conditions. Temporary regulations 
shall remain in effect for not more than 90 days.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1128    Rule 128. Testing traffic-control devices.
The traffic engineer may test  or  experiment  with  traffic-control  devices 
under actual conditions of traffic in accordance with procedures contained in 
the Michigan manual of uniform traffic-control devices.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1129    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1130    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1130a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1131    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1132    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1133    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1134    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1135    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1136    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1136a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1136b    Rule  136b.  Traffic-control  devices  on   private   property; 
violation as civil infraction.
  (1) With the consent, or at the request, of the  owners  or   persons    in 
charge of private property that is open   to   the   general    public    for 
travel,  the traffic engineer may determine controls  of  the   movement   of 
vehicles  and pedestrians and the  parking  of  vehicles  as    needed    for 
the  safety  and convenience of the public and users of the   property.   The 
traffic  engineer shall place and maintain whatever  traffic-control  devices 
are  necessary  to give notice of the controls determined to be necessary.
  (2) A person who violates the directions of the   traffic-control   devices 
is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1137    Rule 137. Curb loading zones.
The traffic engineer is  hereby  authorized  to  determine  the  location  of 
passenger and freight  curb  loading  zones  and  shall  place  and  maintain 
appropriate signs that indicate the zones and that  state  the  hours  during 
which the zones are restricted for loading purposes.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1138    Rule 138. Permits for curb loading zones.
The traffic engineer shall not designate or sign any curb loading  zone  upon 
special request of any person unless  the  person  makes  application  for  a 
permit for the zone and for 2 signs to indicate the ends of each  zone.  When 
approved by the traffic engineer, the  clerk,  upon  granting  a  permit  and 
issuing the signs, shall collect from the  applicant  and  deposit  with  the 
treasurer a service fee for 1  year  or  a  fraction  thereof  in  an  amount 
specified by resolution of the ordinance making body. The  governmental  unit 
may, by regulation, impose conditions upon the use of the signs  and  provide 
for reimbursement for the value of the signs if they are lost or damaged  and 
for return of the signs if they are misused or upon expiration of the permit.
The permit shall expire at the end of 1 year.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1139    Rule 139. Public carrier stands.
The traffic engineer is hereby authorized to establish bus stops, bus stands, 
taxicab stands, and stands for other passenger common-carrier motor  vehicles 
on public streets, in places, and in number as he or she shall  determine  to 
be of the greatest benefit and convenience to the public. Every bus stop, bus 
stand, taxicab stand, or other  stand  shall  be  designated  by  appropriate 
signs, which the traffic engineer shall cause to be erected.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1140    Rule 140. Permit for loading or unloading at  an  angle  to  the 
curb.
The traffic engineer may authorize the clerk  to  issue  special  permits  to 
permit the backing of a vehicle to the curb for the  purpose  of  loading  or 
unloading merchandise or materials subject to the terms and conditions of the 
permit. A permit may be issued either to the owner or lessee of real property 
or to the owner of the vehicle. A permit shall grant to the owner  or  lessee 
of real property the privileges that are stated in the permit  and  that  are 
authorized in this code.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1141    Rule 141. Parking meter zones.
The traffic engineer is hereby authorized, subject to  the  approval  of  the 
ordinance making body, to determine and designate metered parking  zones  and 
to install and maintain as many parking meters as necessary  in  the  metered 
parking zones, if it is determined that the installation of parking meters is 
necessary to aid in the regulation, control, and inspection of the parking of 
vehicles

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1142    Rule 142. Angle parking zones.
The traffic engineer shall determine the location of angle parking zones  and 
shall erect and maintain appropriate signs that  indicate  the  location  and 
that give notice thereof, except that these zones shall not be established on 
state trunkline highways.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1143    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1144    Rule 144. Speed restrictions.
Notwithstanding section 629 of  the  Act,  The  traffic  engineer  is  hereby 
authorized to establish prima facie speed limits in alleys and cemeteries.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1145    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1146    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1147    Rule 147. Authority to sign 1-way streets and alleys.
Where any 1-way street or alley is duly  established,  the  traffic  engineer 
shall place and maintain signs that give notice of the 1-way street or  alley 
and the regulation shall not be effective unless  the  signs  are  in  place.
Signs that indicate the direction of lawful traffic movement shall be  placed 
at every intersection where movement of traffic in the opposite direction  is 
prohibited.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1148    Rule 148. Authority to restrict  direction  of    movement    on 
streets during certain periods.
The traffic engineer is hereby authorized to determine and designate streets, 
parts of streets, or specific lanes of streets  on  which  vehicular  traffic 
shall proceed in 1 direction during 1 period of  the  day  and  the  opposite 
direction during another period of the  day  and  shall  place  and  maintain 
appropriate markings, signs,  barriers,  or  other  devices  to  give  notice 
thereof. The traffic engineer may  erect  signs  that  temporarily  designate 
lanes to be used by traffic moving in a particular direction,  regardless  of 
the center line of the roadway.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1149    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1150    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1151    Rule 151. Prohibiting certain traffic.
The traffic engineer may, after an  engineering  and  traffic  investigation, 
designate any heavily traveled  street  under  his  or  her  jurisdiction  as 
prohibited to a class or kind of traffic found to be  incompatible  with  the 
normal and safe  movement  of  traffic.  The  traffic  engineer  shall  erect 
appropriate traffic-control devices that give notice of the determination.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1152    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1153    Rule 153. Traffic-control orders.
  (1) The authority in the Act and this  code  to  regulate   traffic   shall 
be exercised by the traffic engineer by the  issuance   of    traffic-control 
orders that shall specify the rules and regulations adopted or established by 
him or her.  The traffic-control orders shall  become  effective  upon  being 
filed with the clerk and upon erection of adequate signs or signals that give 
notice  of the existence of the  regulation,  if  signs  or    signals    are 
required  by  the provisions of this code that pertain to the regulation.
  (2) Traffic-control orders may be issued by the traffic engineer   on   his 
or her  own  authority,  but  when   so   issued   shall    be    known    as 
temporary traffic-control  orders  and  shall  not  be  effective  after  the 
expiration  of   90  days  from  the  date  of  filing  and  these  temporary 
traffic-control orders shall  not  be  renewed  or  extended,   except   upon 
approval  by  the  ordinance  making body.
  (3) Permanent  traffic-control  orders  shall  be  issued  by  the  traffic 
engineer, approved by the ordinance making body, and filed with the clerk.
  (4) Temporary orders shall become permanent orders upon being  approved  by 
the ordinance making body, and notice of the approval shall  be  filed   with 
the clerk.
  (5) All traffic-control orders and any actions  that  modify   or    repeal 
the orders shall be kept by the clerk in a separate book that shall be  known
 as the traffic-control order book.
  (6) A copy of a traffic-control order, certified by the clerk to    be    a 
true copy compared by him or her with the original  in  his  or  her  office, 
shall  be permitted into evidence in all courts and proceedings in  the  same 
manner  as the original would be permitted into evidence if produced.  If  it 
appears that a traffic-control sign, signal, or device that conforms  to  the 
provisions  of this code was erected or in place when the alleged   violation 
of  this  code occurred, it shall be prima facie evidence  of  the  existence
 of  a  lawful traffic-control order that  authorizes  the  traffic  control, 
sign,  signal,  or device, and it is not necessary  for  the  prosecution  to 
affirmatively show the existence of a valid traffic-control  order  in  these 
cases, unless  and  until the presumption is rebutted by competent evidence.
  (7) All traffic control  orders   issued   by   the    traffic    engineer, 
whether temporary or permanent, shall be in accordance  with   standard   and 
accepted engineering practices as adopted in R 28.1126.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1154    Rule 154. Clerk.
The duties set forth in rules 155 to 158 of this  code  shall  apply  to  the 
person  who  is  elected  or  appointed  to  the  office  of  clerk  of  this 
governmental unit.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1155    Rule 155. Clerk to issue permit for  loading  or  unloading   at 
an angle to the curb.
The clerk, upon receipt of a written application, shall issue, subject to the 
approval of the traffic engineer, permits to back a vehicle at  right  angles 
to the curb for the  purpose  of  loading  or  unloading  of  merchandise  or 
material. These permits shall be subject to the terms and  conditions  stated 
thereon. These permits shall expire at the end of each calendar year, but may 
be reissued.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1156    Rule 156. Clerk to issue permit for curb loading zones.
The clerk, upon receipt of a written application, shall issue, subject to the 
approval of the traffic engineer,  permits  for  curb  loading  zones.  These 
permits shall be subject to the terms and conditions stated thereon.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1157    Rule 157. Clerks to provide traffic citation forms.
  (1) Traffic citation forms in  serially   numbered   sets    that    notify 
alleged violators to appear and answer to  charges  of   violating    traffic 
laws  and ordinances shall be provided by the clerk in books and in a form as
 provided in sections 727b and 727c of the act.
  (2) This rule shall not  apply  to  municipalities  in  which  the  traffic 
citation forms  required  in  subrule  (1)  of  this  rule  are  provided  by
 another department, agency, or court pursuant to a local agreement.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1158    Rule 158. Issuance and record of traffic citation books.
  (1) The clerk shall be responsible for the  issuance  of  traffic  citation 
books to the chief of police and shall maintain a record of each book.
  (2) This rule shall not  apply  to  municipalities  in  which  the  records 
required in subrule (1) of this rule are maintained  by  another  department, 
agency,  or court pursuant to a local agreement.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


               PART 3. OBEDIENCE TO TRAFFIC REGULATIONS


R 28.1201    Rule  201.   Required   obedience   to    traffic    ordinances; 
parental responsibility; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) It is a violation of this code for any person  to  do  any   act   that 
is forbidden, or to fail to perform any act that is required, by the  act  or 
this code.
  (2) The parent of any child and  the  guardian  of  any  ward   shall   not 
authorize or knowingly permit this child or ward to  violate  any   of    the 
provisions  of the act or this code.
  (3) Unless otherwise specified, violation of any rule of  this  code  is  a 
civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1202    Rule  202.   Obedience   to   police   and    fire    department 
officials; violation as misdemeanor.
  (1) A person shall not willfully fail or refuse  to   comply    with    any 
lawful order or direction of  any  police  officer  or  member  of  the  fire 
department, at the scene of or in the immediate vicinity of  a   fire,    who 
is  vested  with authority under the act or this code to direct, control,  or 
regulate traffic.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is guilty of a misdemeanor.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1202a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1203    Rule 203. Persons propelling push  carts  or   riding    animals 
subject to traffic regulations; violation as misdemeanor.
  (1) Persons who propel any push cart or who ride an animal upon  a  roadway 
and persons who drive any animal-drawn vehicle are subject to the  provisions
 of this code that are applicable to the driver of any vehicle,  except   for 
the provisions of this code that by their very nature can have no application.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is guilty of a misdemeanor.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1204    Rule 204. Use of  coasters,   roller   skates,    and    similar 
devices restricted; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) A person who is riding in, or by means of, any coasters,  toy  vehicle, 
or similar device shall not go on any roadway, except while crossing a street 
on a crosswalk. When crossing a street on  a  crosswalk,  the  person   shall 
be granted all of the rights, and  shall  be  subject   to   all    of    the 
duties, applicable to pedestrians.
  (2) A person who is on a   skateboard   or   roller    skates,    including 
in-line skates, shall be considered a pedestrian and is subject to all of the
 rights and duties of a pedestrian, except as provided in subrule (3) of this 
rule.
  (3) The traffic engineer may designate those roadways and areas  where  the 
use of skateboards, roller skates, or in-line skates  are   prohibited    and 
shall designate these areas through the posting of appropriate signs.
  (4) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1205    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1206    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1207    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1208    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1209    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1210    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1211    Rule 211. Code provisions; exclusive applicability to  operation 
of vehicles on streets, except where otherwise referred to.
The provisions of this code that relate to the operation  of  vehicles  refer 
exclusively to the operation of vehicles on streets or highways, except where 
a different place is specifically referred to in a rule of this code.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1212    Rule 212. Enforcing violation on private road.
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a police officer may enter upon a 
private road to enforce violations of the act or this code.

  History:  1979 AC; 2002 AACS.


                    CHAPTER 4. TRAFFIC-CONTROL DEVICES


R 28.1301    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1302    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1303    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1304    Rule  304.  Obedience  to  official   traffic-control   devices; 
violation as civil infraction.
  (1) The driver of any vehicle  shall  obey  the   instructions    of    any 
official traffic-control device that is placed in accordance with  a  traffic
 control order or a traffic  ordinance  of  any  governmental   unit   having 
authority  over that highway, unless otherwise directed by a police officer.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1304a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1305    Rule 305. Provisions of code that require signs; enforceability.
Provisions of this code that require signs shall not be enforced  against  an 
alleged violator if, at the time and  place  of  the  alleged  violation,  an 
official sign was not in proper position and was not sufficiently legible  so 
as to be seen by an ordinarily observant person. When a particular rule  does 
not state that signs are required, the rule shall be  effective  even  though 
signs are not erected or in place.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1306    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1307    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1308    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1309    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1310    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1311    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1312    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1313    Rule 313. Crosswalks.
The traffic engineer is hereby  authorized  to  designate  and  maintain,  by 
appropriate devices, marks,  or  lines  upon  the  surface  of  the  roadway, 
crosswalks at intersections where, in his or her opinion, there is particular 
danger to pedestrians crossing the roadway and at other places as he  or  she 
may deem necessary.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1314    Rule 314. Safety zones.
The traffic engineer is hereby authorized to establish safety zones of a kind 
and character and at  places  as  he  or  she  may  deem  necessary  for  the 
protection of pedestrians.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1315    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1316    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1317    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1318    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1319    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1320     Rule   320.   Bicycle     paths     or      bicycle      lanes; 
establishment; traffic-control devices.
  (1) When the traffic engineer, after a  traffic  survey   and   engineering 
study, determines there is a need, he or she may establish a  part    of    a 
street  or highway under his or her jurisdiction as a bicycle path or lane.
  (2)  The  bicycle  path  or  lane  shall  be   identified    by    official 
traffic-control devices that conform  to  the  Michigan  manual  of   uniform 
traffic-control devices.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1321     Rule  321.  Bicycle  paths;  vehicles  prohibited;  snowmobiles 
permitted under certain conditions; violation as misdemeanor.
  (1) A person shall not operate a vehicle on or  across  a   bicycle   path, 
except to enter or leave adjacent property or as otherwise permitted in  this 
rule.
  (2) A person  may  operate  a  snowmobile  on  a  bicycle  path   that   is 
snow-covered and that is not snowplowed for bicycle traffic.
  (3) A person shall not park a vehicle on a bicycle path.
  (4) A person who violates this rule is guilty of a misdemeanor.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1322    Rule  322.  Bicycle  lanes;   vehicles    prohibited;    parking 
permitted under certain conditions; violation as misdemeanor.
  (1) A person shall not operate a vehicle on or  across  a   bicycle   lane, 
except to enter or leave adjacent property.
  (2) A person shall not park a vehicle  on  a  bicycle  lane,  except  where 
parking is permitted by official signs.
  (3) A person who violates this rule is guilty of a misdemeanor.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


            CHAPTER 5. RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF DRIVERS AND OTHERS


R 28.1401    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1402    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1403    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1404    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1404a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1405    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1406    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1407    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1408    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1409    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1409a    Rule  409a.  Driving  at  slow  speed;  violation  as  a  civil 
infraction.
  (1) A person shall not drive a motor vehicle at a slow speed as  to  impede 
the normal and reasonable movement of  traffic,  except  when  reduced  speed
 is necessary for safe operation or to comply with law.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1410    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1411    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1412    Rule 412. Violation of signs; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) It shall be prima facie unlawful to exceed  the   speed    stated    on 
signs erected in accordance  with  a  traffic  control  order  or  a  traffic 
ordinance  of any governmental unit having authority over that highway.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1413    Rule 413. Manner of charging violation of speed restriction.
In every charge of violating a speed restriction , the complaint and  traffic 
citation shall specify the speed at which the defendant is  alleged  to  have 
driven and the speed applicable within the district or at the location.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1414    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1414a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1414b   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1415    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1415a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1415b   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1415c   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1415d   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1415e   Rescinded.

  History:  1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1415f   Rescinded.

  History:  1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1415g   Rescinded.

  History:  1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1416    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1416a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1416b   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1416c   Rule 416c. Consumption of liquor on highways or   on    property 
open to public; violation as misdemeanor.
  (1) Alcoholic liquor shall not be consumed on a highway,   street,   alley, 
or any public or private property that is open to the general public.
  (2) This rule does not apply to a  premises  operating  under   a   license 
or permit issued pursuant to 1998 PA 58, MCL 436.1101 et seq.
  (3) A person who violates this rule is guilty of a misdemeanor.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1417    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1418    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1419    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1420    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1421    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1422    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1423    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1424    Rule 424. One-way roadways; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) On a roadway or  alley  that  is  designated   and    signposted    for 
1-way traffic, a vehicle shall be driven only in the direction designated.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1425    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1426    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1427    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1428    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1428a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1429    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1430    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1431    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1432    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1433    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1434    Rule  434.  Limitations  on  turning  around;    violation    as 
civil infraction.
  (1) The driver of any vehicle shall not turn the vehicle so as  to  proceed 
in the opposite direction on any street in a business district and shall not, 
on any other street, so turn a vehicle unless the movement  can  be  made  in 
safety and without interfering with other traffic.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1435    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1436    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1436a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1437    Rule 437. Emerging from alley, driveway, or building;  violation 
as civil infraction.
  (1) The driver of a vehicle that is  merging  from  an   alley,   driveway, 
or building shall stop the vehicle immediately before driving onto a sidewalk 
or onto the sidewalk  area  extending  across  any  alleyway,   shall   yield 
the right-of-way to any pedestrian as may be necessary to   avoid   collision 
and, upon entering the roadway  shall  yield  the   right-of-way    to    all 
vehicles approaching on the roadway.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1438    Rule 438. Entering  intersection  or   crosswalk;    obstructing 
traffic prohibited; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) A driver shall not enter an intersection  or   a    marked    crosswalk 
unless there is sufficient space on the other side of the   intersection   or 
crosswalk to accommodate the vehicle  he  or  she  is    operating    without 
obstructing  the passage of other vehicles  or  pedestrians,  notwithstanding 
any traffic-control signal indication to proceed.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1439    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1440    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1440a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1440b   Rule 440b. Obstruction of vehicular  traffic    by    successive 
train movements on highways or streets; violation as misdemeanor.
  (1) It is  unlawful  for  a  railroad  company   to    permit    successive 
train movements to obstruct any vehicular traffic on any  public  streets  or 
highways until all vehicular traffic  previously  delayed  by   these   train 
movements  has been cleared or until a  period  of  5  minutes  has   elapsed 
between  train movements.
  (2) A railroad company that violates this rule is guilty of a misdemeanor.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1440c   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1441    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1442    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1443    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1444    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1445    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1446    Rule 446. Drivers in a procession; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) Each driver in a funeral or other authorized procession   shall   drive 
as near the right-hand edge of the roadway as practical  and   shall   follow 
the vehicle ahead as close as is practical and safe.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1447    Rule 447. Parades and processions; permit  required;   violation 
as misdemeanor.
  (1) A procession or parade, other than a procession  or  parade   of    the 
forces of the United States armed services, the  military  forces   of   this 
state,  and the forces of the police and fire departments, shall not  occupy,
 march,  or proceed along any roadway, unless pursuant to a permit issued  by 
the chief of police and unless the procession  or  parade  is  in  accordance
 with  other regulations as are set forth in this code.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is guilty of a misdemeanor.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1448     Rule  448.  Driving  on  sidewalk  prohibited;   violation   as 
misdemeanor.
  (1) The driver of a vehicle shall not drive on or  within   any    sidewalk 
area, except at a driveway.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is guilty of a misdemeanor.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1449    Rule 449. Limitations on backing; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) The driver of a vehicle shall  not  back  the  vehicle    unless    the 
movement can be made  with  reasonable  safety  and    without    interfering 
with  other traffic.
  (2) A vehicle shall not be backed a distance of more than 60 feet.
  (3) A vehicle shall not be backed  into  an  intersection;  except  that  a 
vehicle may be backed into an intersection when it is not otherwise  possible 
to  turn about and when the movement can be made safely  without  interfering 
with other traffic.
  (4) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1450    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1451    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1452    Rule 452. Driving through or over a safety  zone   occupied   by 
people prohibited; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) The driver of a vehicle shall not at any time drive  through  or   over 
a safety zone when the safety zone contains any person therein.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1453    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1454    Rule 454. Splashing prohibited; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) A driver of a motor vehicle shall not recklessly, willfully,  wantonly, 
or carelessly operate his or her vehicle in a manner as to    splash    snow, 
rain, water, mud, dirt, or debris  on  any  person  who  is  on  a  sidewalk, 
crosswalk, or safety zone.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


  Editor's Note: An obvious error in R 28.1454 was corrected at  the  request 
of the promulgating agency, pursuant to Section 56 of 1969 PA 306, as amended 
by 2000 PA 262, MCL 24.256.  The rule containing the error was  published  in 
Michigan Register, 2002 MR 20.  The memorandum requesting  the   correction   
was published in Michigan Register, 2003 MR 21.


R 28.1455    Rule 455. Deposit of litter on  streets  prohibited;   violation 
as misdemeanor.
  (1) A person shall not, without the consent  of  the    public    authority 
having supervision of a street, deposit, place, dump, throw, or   leave,   or 
cause  or permit the  dumping,  depositing,  placing,  throwing,  or  leaving
 of,  any destructive or injurious  material,  any  rubbish,  refuse,   waste 
material, garbage, offal, paper, glass, cans, bottles, trash,  or  debris  on 
any street.
  (2) A person who throws or drops, or permits to be thrown or  dropped,   on 
a street any of the material or matter listed in subrule  (1)  of  this  rule 
shall immediately remove it or cause it to be removed.
  (3) The violation of this rule is punishable as a misdemeanor.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1455a   Rule  455a.   Throwing   objects   at   or   into    paths    of 
vehicles prohibited; violation as misdemeanor.
  (1) A person shall not knowingly cause any litter or any object to fall  or 
to be thrown into the path of or to hit a vehicle traveling on a street.
  (2) The violation of this rule is punishable by  a  fine  of    not    more 
than $500.00 or not more than 1 year  in  county  jail,  or  both.  A  person
 who violates this rule is guilty of a misdemeanor

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1455b   Rescinded.

  History:  1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.



R 28.1456    Rule 456. Removal of wrecked  or  damaged  vehicles;   violation 
as misdemeanor.
  (1) A person who removes a wrecked or damaged vehicle   from    a    street 
shall remove any glass or other injurious substance  dropped  on  the  street 
from  the vehicle.
  (2) The violation of this rule is punishable as a misdemeanor.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1457    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1458     Rule  458.   Requirements   when    leaving    motor    vehicle 
unattended; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) A person who has control or charge of a motor vehicle shall  not  allow 
the vehicle to stand unattended on any street or any other   place    without 
first stopping the engine, locking the  ignition,  and  removing  and  taking 
possession of the ignition key. The provisions of this rule that  pertain  to 
the  locking of the ignition  and  removing  and  taking  possession  of  the 
ignition key do not apply to motor vehicles that are manufactured   with   an 
ignition  system  that does not have a key and that  is  incapable  of  being 
locked.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1459    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1460    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1461    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1462    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1462a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1463    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1463a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1464    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1465    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1466    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1467    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1468    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1469    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1470    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1470a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1471    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1471a   Rescinded.

  History:  1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1472    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1473    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1473a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1474    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1475    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1476    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1477    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1477a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1478    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1478a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1479    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1480    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1480a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1481    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1482    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 1997 AACS.


R 28.1483    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 1997 AACS.


R 28.1484    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 1997 AACS.


R 28.1485    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1486    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 1997 AACS.


R 28.1486a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 1997 AACS.


R 28.1487    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1487a   Rescinded.

  History:  1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1488    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1489    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1490    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1490a    Rule  490a.  Operation  of  vehicle  with   unnecessary   noise 
prohibited; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) A person shall not operate a motor vehicle  with   unnecessary    noise 
and shall not start, move, or turn a motor vehicle or apply  the  brakes   or 
the power on a motor vehicle or in any manner operate the vehicle so  as   to 
cause the tires to squeal or the tires or vehicle to make  any   noise    not 
usually connected with the operation of the motor  vehicle,  except  in  case
 of  an emergency.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1491    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1492    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1493    Rule 493. Display on vehicle  of  official  designation,   sign, 
or insignia prohibited; violation as misdemeanor.
  (1) An owner shall not display  on  any  part  of  his  or   her   vehicle, 
or knowingly permit the display of,  any  official  designation,   sign,   or 
insignia of any public or quasi-public  corporation;  municipal,  state,   or 
national department; or  government  subdivision  without  authority  of  the 
agency.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is guilty of a misdemeanor.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1494    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1495    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1496    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1497    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1498    Rule  498.  Opening  vehicle  doors  so  as  to  impede  traffic 
prohibited; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) A person shall not open a  door  of  a  vehicle  in  a   manner    that 
interferes with or impedes the flow of traffic.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1498a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1499    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


  CHAPTER 6. OPERATION OF BICYCLES, MOTORCYCLES, MOPEDS, AND TOY
                             VEHICLES


R 28.1601    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1602    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1603    Rule 603. Bicycles; ordinances applicable.
The provisions of this code that are applicable to bicycles shall apply  when 
a bicycle is operated on any street or on any public path set aside  for  the 
exclusive use of bicycles, subject to those exceptions stated in this code.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1604    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1604a   Rescinded.

  History:  1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1605    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1606    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1607    Rule 607. Obedience to pedestrian regulations  when   dismounted 
from a bicycle.
When authorized signs are erected that indicate that right, left, or  U-turns 
are not permitted, a person who operates a bicycle shall obey  the  direction 
of the sign, except where the person dismounts from the bicycle to  make  the 
turn, in which event the person shall then obey the regulations applicable to 
pedestrians.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1608    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1609    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1610    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1611    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1612    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1613    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1614    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1615    Rule 615. Emerging  from   alley,   driveway,    or    building; 
yielding right-of-way; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) The operator of a  bicycle  who  emerges  from  an   alley,   driveway, 
or building shall, upon approaching  a  sidewalk  or  the    sidewalk    area 
extending across any alleyway, yield  the  right-of-way  to  all  pedestrians 
approaching on the  sidewalk  area  and,   upon   entering    the    roadway, 
shall   yield   the right-of-way to all vehicles approaching on the roadway.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1616    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1617    Rule  617.  Bicycles;  parking  on  sidewalk;    violation    as 
civil infraction.
  (1) A person shall not park a bicycle on a sidewalk where  bicycle  parking 
is prohibited by official traffic-control devices. A person  shall  not  park
 a bicycle on a  sidewalk  in  a  manner  that  would  unreasonably  obstruct 
pedestrian or other traffic.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1617a   Rule 617a.  Bicycles;  parking  on   roadway;    violation    as 
civil infraction.
  (1) Notwithstanding the provisions  of  part  8   of   this    code,    and 
unless prohibited or restricted by traffic-control devices, a bicycle may  be 
parked as follows:
  (a) On the roadway at an angle to the curb or edge  of  the   roadway    at 
any location where the parking of vehicles is allowed.
  (b) On the roadway abreast of another bicycle near the side of the  roadway 
at any location where the parking of vehicles is allowed.
  (2) In all other respects, a  bicycle  parked  anywhere   on    a    street 
shall conform with the provisions of part 8 of this code that  regulates  the 
parking of vehicles.
  (3) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1618    Rule 618.   Obedience   to   signs   prohibiting    riding    of 
bicycles; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) When a sign is erected  on  a  sidewalk  that  prohibits   the   riding 
of bicycles thereon by any person, a person shall obey the sign.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1619    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1620    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1621    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1622    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1623    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1623a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1624    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1625    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1626    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1627    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


            CHAPTER 7. PEDESTRIANS' RIGHTS AND DUTIES


R 28.1701    Rule 701.  Pedestrians;  traffic-control   signals;   privileges 
and restricts; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) Pedestrians are subject to traffic-control signals   at   intersections 
as provided in section 613 of the act and part 4 of  this  code.    At    all 
other places, pedestrians shall be accorded  the  privileges,  and  shall  be 
subject to the restrictions, stated in this part.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1702    Rule 702. Pedestrians;  right-of-way  in  crosswalk;   violation 
as civil infraction.
  (1) When traffic-control signals  are  not  in  place  or  are    not    in 
operation, the driver of  a   vehicle   shall   yield    the    right-of-way, 
slowing  down  or stopping if need be to so yield, to a  pedestrian  crossing 
the roadway  within a crosswalk when the pedestrian is on  the  half  of  the 
roadway  on  which  the vehicle  is  traveling  or  when  the  pedestrian  is 
approaching  so  closely  from the opposite half of the roadway as to  be  in 
danger, but a  pedestrian  shall not suddenly leave a curb or other place  of 
safety and walk  or  run  into  a path of a vehicle that is so close that  it 
is impossible for  the  driver  to yield.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1703    Rule  703.  Passing  vehicle  stopped   at    intersection    to 
permit pedestrian to cross prohibited; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) When any vehicle is stopped at  a  marked   crosswalk   or    at    any 
unmarked crosswalk at an intersection to permit a  pedestrian  to  cross  the 
roadway, the driver of any other vehicle approaching from the rear shall  not 
overtake  and pass the stopped vehicle.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1703a   Rescinded.

  History:  1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1705    Rule 705. Crossing   roadway   at   right   angles    to    curb 
required; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) A pedestrian shall not, except in a marked crosswalk, cross  a  roadway 
at any other place than by a route at  right  angles  to  the  curb   or   by 
the shortest route to the opposite curb.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1706    Rule 706. Pedestrians; yielding right-of-way;    violation    as 
civil infraction.
  (1) Every pedestrian who crosses a roadway at any point other than   within 
a marked crosswalk at an intersection  shall  yield  the   right-of-way    to 
all vehicles on the roadway.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1707    Rule  707.  Pedestrians;  yielding  right-of-way  where   tunnel 
or overhead crossing provided; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) Any pedestrian who crosses a roadway at  a  point  where  a  pedestrian 
tunnel or  overhead  pedestrian  crossing   has    been    provided     shall 
yield   the right-of-way to all  vehicles  on   the   roadway,    if    signs 
prohibiting  the crossing of the roadway by pedestrians at that point are  in 
place.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1708     Rule  708.  Pedestrians;  yielding  right-of-way  to  emergency 
vehicles; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) A pedestrian  shall  yield  the   right-of-way   to    an    authorized 
emergency vehicle under the conditions prescribed in the Act.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1709     Rule  709.   Pedestrians;     crossing     between     adjacent 
intersections; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) Where traffic-control signals are in  operation,   pedestrians    shall 
not cross the roadway except in a marked crosswalk.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1710    Rule  710.   Pedestrians;   crossing   roadway    in    business 
district; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) In any business district, a pedestrian shall not  cross    a    roadway 
other than in a crosswalk.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1711    Rule 711.  Pedestrians;  obedience  to  bridge   and    railroad 
barriers; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) A pedestrian shall not pass  through,  around,  over,  or   under   any 
crossing gate or barrier at a railroad grade crossing or  bridge  while   the 
gate  or barrier is closed or is being opened or closed.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1712    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1713    Rule 713. Pedestrians; soliciting ride, employment, or  business 
in roadway prohibited; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) A person shall not stand in a roadway for the  purpose  of   soliciting 
a ride, employment, or business from the occupant of any vehicle.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1714    Rule 714. Pedestrians;  soliciting  the  watching  or   guarding 
of vehicle in street or highway prohibited; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) A person shall not stand on or in proximity to a street   or    highway 
for the purpose of soliciting the watching  or  guarding  of   any    vehicle 
while parked or about to be parked on a street or highway.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1715     Rule  715.  Stopping  for  blind  pedestrians;   violation   as 
misdemeanor.
  (1) Any driver of a vehicle who approaches within 10 feet of a  person  who 
is wholly or partially blind, who is carrying a cane or walking  stick   that 
is white or white tipped with red, or who is being led by a guide dog wearing
 a harness and walking on either side, or slightly in  front,  of  the  blind 
person shall immediately come to a full  stop  and  shall  take   precautions 
before proceeding as may be necessary to avoid accident or  injury   to   the 
wholly  or partially blind person.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is guilty of a misdemeanor.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1716    Rule  716.  Drivers;  exercising  due   care;    violation    as 
civil infraction.
  (1) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this part, every driver  of 
a vehicle shall exercise due care to avoid colliding with any  pedestrian  on 
any roadway, shall give warning by sounding the horn when   necessary,    and 
shall exercise proper precaution  upon   observing   any   child    or    any 
confused  or incapacitated person on a roadway.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


            CHAPTER 8. STOPPING, STANDING, AND PARKING

R 28.1801    Rule 801. Standing or parking close to  curb;    violation    as 
civil infraction.
  (1) A person shall not stand or park  a  vehicle  in  a    roadway    other 
than parallel with the edge of the roadway, headed  in  the   direction    of 
lawful traffic movement, and with the right-hand wheels  of    the    vehicle 
within  12 inches of the curb or edge of the roadway, except  as    otherwise 
provided  in this part.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1802     Rule  802.  Parking  on  1-way  streets;  violation  as   civil 
infraction.
  (1) Vehicles may park with the left-hand wheels adjacent to,   and   within 
12 inches of, the left-hand curb of properly signed 1-way streets.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1803    Rule 803. Stopping, standing, or  parking  on   streets   signed 
for angle parking; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) On those streets that have been signed or marked  for  angle   parking, 
a person shall not stop, stand, or park a vehicle other than at   the   angle 
to the curb or edge of the roadway indicated by the signs or markings.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1804    Rule 804. Violating terms of permit for backing vehicle to  load 
or unload at a curb prohibited; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) It is unlawful for any permittee or any other person to   violate   any 
of the special terms or conditions of any special permit issued   to   permit 
the backing of a vehicle to the curb for the purpose of loading or unloading.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1805    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1806    Rule 806. Vehicle starting from parked  position;  violation  as 
civil infraction.
  (1) A vehicle starting from a  parked  position  shall  yield   to   moving 
vehicles the right-of-way, and the operator of the vehicle shall    give    a 
timely  and visible warning signal before so starting.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1807    Rule 807. Vehicle parked at angle  to  curb   and    about    to 
start; yielding right-of-way;  backing  into  lane   of    moving    traffic; 
violation  as civil infraction.
  (1) A vehicle that is parked at an angle to the curb and  that   is   about 
to start shall yield to moving vehicles the right-of-way, and  the   operator 
of the vehicle shall not back the vehicle from the curb into  the   lane   of 
moving traffic unless the maneuver  can  be  made  in  safety   and   without 
conflict  with moving vehicles.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1808    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1809    Rule  809.  Headlights  on  parked  vehicles;    violation    as 
civil infraction.
  (1) Any lighted headlights on a parked vehicle shall be depressed or dimmed.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1810    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1811    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1812    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1813    Rule 813. Parking  in  alley  prohibited;  exception;   stopping 
or standing in alley prohibited; exception; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) A person shall not park a vehicle in an alley, except  when  authorized 
by official signs. A person shall not stop or stand  a   vehicle    in    any 
alley, except while actually in the  process  of  loading  or  unloading  the 
vehicle.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1814    Rule 814. Parking for certain  purposes  prohibited;   violation 
as civil infraction.
  (1) A person shall not park a vehicle  on  any  street  for  the  principal 
purpose of doing any of the following:
  (a) Displaying the vehicle for sale.
  (b) Washing, polishing,  greasing,  or  repairing  the   vehicle,    except 
for repairs necessitated by an emergency.
  (c) Displaying advertising.
  (d) Selling merchandise from the vehicle,  except  in  a  duly  established 
market place or when  so  authorized  or  licensed  under   the    ordinances 
of  this governmental unit.
  (e) Storage for more than 48 continuous hours.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1815     Rule   815.   Standing   or   parking   on    1-way    roadways 
prohibited; exception; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) If a  street  includes  2  or  more  separate  roadways   and   traffic 
is restricted to 1 direction on the roadway, a person shall not stand or park
 a vehicle on the left-hand side of the 1-way  roadway,  unless   signs   are 
erected to permit that standing or parking.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1816    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1817    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1818    Rule 818.  Temporary  stop  at  freight  curb    loading    zone 
permitted; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) The driver of a vehicle may stop temporarily  at  a  place  marked   as 
a freight curb loading zone for the purpose of, and while  actually   engaged 
in, loading or unloading passengers, if the stopping does not interfere  with 
any motor vehicle used for the transportation of materials, which is  waiting
 to enter or about to enter the zone.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1819    Rule 819. Stopping, standing,  or   parking   of    buses    and 
taxicabs restricted; exception; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) The operator of a bus or taxicab shall not stop, stand, or   park    on 
any street in any business district at any place other than  at  a  bus  stop
 or taxicab stand, respectively, except that this provision does not  prevent 
the operator of the vehicle from temporarily stopping in   accordance    with 
other stopping, standing, or parking  regulations  at  any  place   for   the 
purpose  of, and while engaged in, the expeditious unloading  or  loading  of 
passengers.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1820    Rule 820. Restricted use of bus and taxicab  stands;   violation 
as civil infraction.
  (1) A person shall not stop, stand, or park a vehicle other than a bus   in 
a bus stop or other than a taxicab in a taxicab stand when  the    stop    or 
stand has been officially designated and   appropriately    signed,    except 
that  the driver of a passenger vehicle may temporarily stop   therein    for 
the  purpose of, and while actually engaged in, the expeditious  loading   or 
unloading  of passengers, if the stopping does  not  interfere    with    any 
bus  or  taxicab waiting to enter or about to enter the zone.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1821    Rule 821. Metered parking zones; violation as civil infraction.
  (1) When a parking meter is erected  adjacent  to  a  space   marked    for 
parking, the space shall be a metered parking zone, and a  person  shall  not
 stop  a vehicle in  this  zone  for  a  period  of  time  longer  than  that 
designated on  the parking meter after  depositing   a   coin    of    United 
States  currency  of  a denomination designated on the meter on the days  and
 during  the  time  the regulations on the meter are in force.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1822    Rule 822. Drivers  to  park  within  metered   parking   spaces; 
violation as civil infraction.
  (1) Every vehicle shall be parked wholly within the metered  parking  space 
for which the meter shows a parking privilege has  been    granted,    except 
that  a vehicle that is too large to be parked within  a  single   designated 
parking meter zone shall be permitted to occupy 2 adjoining   parking   meter 
spaces  if coins are deposited in the parking meter for each space  occupied, 
as required in this code for the parking of other vehicles in that space.
  (2) A person who violates this rule is responsible for a civil infraction.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1823    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1823a   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1823b   Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1824    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


                     CHAPTER 9. MISCELLANEOUS


R 28.1901    Rule 901. Short title.
This code shall be known and cited as the "Uniform Traffic Code."

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1902     Rule  902.   Invalidity   or   unconstitutionality   of   code; 
severability.
If any part or parts of the Act or this code are for any reason  held  to  be 
invalid or unconstitutional, the decision shall not affect  the  validity  or 
constitutionality  of  the   remaining   portions   of   these   rules.   The 
ordinance-making body hereby declares that it would have passed this code and 
each part or parts thereof, irrespective of the fact that any 1 part or parts 
be declared invalid or unconstitutional.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1903    Rule 903. Penalties; civil infraction and misdemeanor.
  (1)  Civil  infraction:   A   violation   of   this    code    or     rules 
substantially corresponding to the Act that is designated a civil  infraction 
is not a crime and shall not be  punishable  by  imprisonment  or   a   penal 
fine.  A  civil infraction shall not be considered a lesser included  offense 
of any  criminal offense.
  (2)  Misdemeanor:  Unless  another  penalty  is  expressly   provided    by 
the ordinances of this governmental unit, every person  who   is    convicted 
of  a misdemeanor violation of any provision of this code shall be   punished 
by  a fine of not more than $100.00 or by imprisonment for not more than   90 
days, or both.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1904    Rule 904. Saving clause.
All proceedings pending and all rights and liabilities existing, acquired, or 
incurred at the time this code takes  effect  are  hereby  saved,  and  these 
proceedings may be consummated under and according to the ordinance in  force 
at the time the proceedings are or were commenced. This  code  shall  not  be 
construed to alter, affect, or  abate  any  pending  prosecution  or  prevent 
prosecution  hereafter  instituted  under  any  ordinance   specifically   or 
impliedly repealed by the ordinance adopting this uniform  traffic  code  for 
offenses  committed  before  the  effective  date  of  this  code;  and   all 
prosecutions pending at the effective date of this code and all  prosecutions 
instituted after the effective date  of  this  code  for  offenses  committed 
before the effective date of this code may be continued or  instituted  under 
and in accordance with the provisions of any ordinance in force at  the  time 
of the commission of the offense.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.1905    Rule 905. Adoption of code by reference.
If the commissioner of the state police shall thereafter amend its code,  any 
city, township, or village that has adopted the code by reference  may  adopt 
the amendment by reference by the same procedure as required for the adoption 
of the original code,  or  the  amendment  may  be  adopted  by  enacting  an 
ordinance setting forth the entire text of the amendment.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


                     CHAPTER 10. SNOWMOBILES


R 28.2001    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2011    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2012    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2013    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2014    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2021    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2022    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2023    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2031    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2032    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2033    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2034    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2035    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2036    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2037    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2038    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2039    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2040    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2041    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2051    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2060    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2061    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2071    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2072    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2073    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2074    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.


R 28.2075    Rescinded.

  History:  1979 AC; 1981 AACS; 2002 AACS.